The Suffering Servant in Aquinas: Isaiah 53 and Thomas's Theology of Christ's Passion (Thomistic Ressourcement Series)

The "Suffering Servant" text of Isaiah 53 is a perennial topic of debate within Jewish and Christian biblical theology. Is the Suffering Servant an individual, a group, or both? How and why did he suffer? What role did God play in his suffering? How is his suffering related to human salvation? The answers to these questions often divide Jewish and Christian readers of Scripture as well as Christians across different denominations. In particular, Isaiah 53 tends to inform different Christian accounts of the origin, nature, and saving value of Christ’s Passion.

The Suffering Servant in Aquinas contributes to the debate on the meaning of Isaiah 53 and its bearing upon the Passion of Christ by examining how St. Thomas Aquinas engaged this biblical text. This book examines every explicit reference to Isaiah 53 that Aquinas makes in his biblical commentaries, Commentary on the Sentences, Summa Theologiae, and Opuscula. It analyzes how and why Aquinas interprets Isaiah 53 in the ways that he does. It focuses especially upon how Aquinas draws upon Isaiah 53 to shed light on the saving mystery of Christ’s Passion. Readers will see how Aquinas articulates the relationship between God’s will and Christ’s suffering, the diverse forms of Christ’s pain, the degree to which the Passion can be considered a "punishment," and the saving functions of the Passion as example, merit, satisfaction, and sacrifice.

This book makes an original contribution to the growing field of Biblical Thomism. It examines Aquinas’s exegetical methods as well as the role of Scripture within his speculative theology. And it properly contextualizes Aquinas’s exegesis by considering the differences between his Latin version of Isaiah 53 and contemporary renderings of Hebrew and Greek versions. Readers will see that Aquinas’s Christological interpretations of Isaiah 53 are both exegetically intriguing and theologically rich.